Helicobacter Pylori: Symptoms And Treatment

The Helicobacter pylori , also known as H. pylori , is a bacterium that lives in the digestive system of more than 50% of the world population. Although gastric fluid is very acidic, it can live in it for a long time without problems.

Of the many microorganisms that proliferate in the human body, this is one of the main causes of infections and diseases. In addition, it has been recognized in all populations of the world and in individuals of all ages.

Have you ever heard of her? On this occasion, we want to share what it is, how it is transmitted and what are the diseases that derive from its development.

What is Helicobacter pylori?

The Helicobacter pylori is a microorganism has the ability to survive in one of the most acidic environments in the body : stomach. AND The pH level is below 4 and this acidity is what allows the body to defend itself from bacteria that are ingested through food.

However, the H. pylori has gone through evolutionary processes that have allowed it to adapt in this environment so hostile. To achieve this, it produces a series of substances that neutralize acids, and form a protective cloud around it to be able to move through the stomach until it finds the perfect place to fixate.

But besides this, the Helicobacter pylori exceeds the lining of the stomach to protect its own acidity, which allows him to live in a less aggressive environment.

How do you get H. pylori?

The exact form of transmission of  H. pylori is not yet fully known. However, there are a number of means that have been linked to your infection. It can occur orally, either through contact with other infected people, or  after ingesting contaminated food or water.

Everything indicates that the favorite habitat of this bacterium is humans, however, they have also been found in primates, sheep and domestic cats, which indicates that these could be another means of transmission.

Helicobacter pylori associated diseases

As we have already indicated, the Helicobacter pylori is housed in the wall of the stomach , just below the protective layer of the mucosa.  The main problem is that it secretes a series of enzymes that are irritating to the cells of the stomach, weakening the mucosa and leaving it unprotected against acid.

These actions produce inflammation that, if not controlled, can lead to the formation of ulcers and even tumors. In summary, Helicobacter lesions in the stomach and duodenum can lead to:

• Gastritis.
• Duodenal ulcer.
• Stomach ulcer.
• Stomach cancer.
• Duodenitis (inflammation of the duodenum).
• Stomach lymphoma (MALT lymphoma).

Symptoms associated with H. pylori

A person can be infected with Helicobacter pylori and have no symptoms or complications. However, when something stimulates it and makes them proliferate more quickly, more aggressive stages occur that trigger various symptoms.

Depending on the disease that causes, the following may occur

• Pain or burning sensation in the upper abdomen.
• Abdominal swelling
• Greater feeling of fullness, almost always after eating only a small portion of the food.

In the case of ulcers, the following symptoms may also occur:

• Weakness and anemia
• Changes in stool
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Unexplained weight loss
• Constant nausea and vomiting.

How is Helicobacter pylori diagnosed?

Currently, there are several methods to diagnose the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the body.  A simple blood test, breath test and stool tests determine if there is an infection with this microorganism.

The most accurate way to diagnose H. pylori infection is through an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. However, as it is a more invasive procedure, it is only performed in cases of suspected ulcers or serious complications.

Helicobacter pylori treatment

Helicobacter pylori patients who also have ulcers benefit the most from treatment. Those who only have heartburn and acid reflux are less likely to receive the full benefits of the medication.

On the other hand, it should be noted that this does not work in all infected patients. Medications should be taken between 10 and 14 days. Some of the prescriptions are:

• Two different antibiotics such as clarithromycin (Biaxin), amoxicillin, tetracycline, or metronidazole.
• Proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), or esomeprazole.
• Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol), only in some cases.

How to prevent H. pylori infection?

Keep surfaces clean and germ-free decreases the risk of contracting the H. pylori bacteria .  In addition to this, great care must be taken when handling food, both raw and cooked.

It is also key to preventing it to try to avoid stress, anxiety and factors that weaken the defenses.

Do you suspect an infection by this bacteria? Even if you can manage symptoms at home, see your doctor. Although it is not always serious, it is advisable to monitor it to avoid risks of a more serious disorder.